The passenger who died following a crash between two trains in Wales was a man in his 60s, police said.
A further 15 people were taken to hospital following the collision near Llanbrynmair in Powys shortly before 7pm on Monday night, according to British Transport Police (BTP).
Their injuries are not believed to be life-threatening or life-changing.
The dead man’s next of kin have been informed.
All passengers were evacuated.
The trains, which were both Class 158s operated by Transport for Wales (TfW), were the 6.31pm service from Shrewsbury to Aberystwyth and the 7.09pm service from Machynlleth to Shrewsbury.
News website Wales Online reported that a passenger on one of the trains, Jonah Evans, 25, said the driver warned travellers what was about to happen.
He said: “The driver ran in and sat on a chair and said ‘brace yourselves, we’re about to hit a train’.
“Someone lost their teeth, cracked ribs.
“Because the driver told us it was happening, we could kind of get ready.”
A passenger on the Shrewsbury-bound service, Anthony Hurford, told BBC Breakfast: “The word that keeps coming to my head is just ‘brutal’, really. Just going from, I don’t know how fast we were going, maybe 40, 50, 60 miles an hour, to nothing in the blink of an eye.
“Somehow my body bent the leg of a table and ripped it off its bolts attached to the wall. Suddenly I was on the floor with my laptop strewn ahead of me wondering what the hell had happened.
“We tried to stop at the lights. At the top of the hill there’s a signal that I guess would’ve been a passing place and for whatever reason the train wouldn’t stop.
“There must’ve been 30/40 people from fire (service), there was British Transport Police who had come from Birmingham, there were three helicopters, people had come from north and south Wales as far as I’m aware. I was checked by three or four different medics.”
Network Rail and TfW said in a joint statement it was a “low-speed collision”.
Both trains remained on the tracks.
The crash happened on the Cambrian line in a rural location with a single track, close to a passing loop where trains travelling in opposite directions can pass each other.
Earlier on Monday TfW advised passengers that its services were running at reduced speeds through Dovey Junction station – which is on the same line – because previous trains reported the track was “extremely slippery”.
The operator suspended all services on the separate Heart of Wales line on Tuesday “until further notice” due to “poor rail conditions”.
Leaves cause major disruption every autumn when they stick to damp rails and become compressed by train wheels.
This creates a smooth, slippery layer similar to black ice on roads, reducing trains’ grip.
Speed restrictions are often imposed in an attempt to reduce accidents such as the crash between two trains outside a tunnel near Salisbury, Wiltshire, in October 2021 which left 13 passengers and one driver requiring hospital treatment.
A South Western Railway (SWR) train slipped on crushed leaves, causing it to slide past a stop signal and smash into the side of a Great Western Railway service.
The SWR train was a Class 159, which is in the same family as the 158s.
Railway engineer Gareth Dennis said modern safety systems on Britain’s railways mean there is “very little” that can cause a collision between two trains.
He told the PA news agency that investigators will “look very closely” at whether it was caused by “low adhesion” between train wheels and the track.
Mr Dennis said a second potential reason could be that the European Train Control System (ETCS), which is an in-cab digital signalling system designed to keep trains apart, “failed in some way”.
My thoughts are with all those involved in the rail incident in Powys earlier this evening.
I would like to thank the emergency services for their response and have asked to be kept informed of any developments throughout the night.
— Eluned Morgan (@PrifWeinidog) October 21, 2024
The Cambrian line was used to test ETCS – part of the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) before it was rolled out onto the East Coast Main Line.
In October 2017 temporary speed restriction data was not sent to four trains travelling on the coastal section of the Cambrian line due to a failure with the ERTMS system.
This did not result in an accident, but one train approached a level crossing at 50mph, when the speed limit was reduced to 19mph to give adequate warning to crossing users.
The Rail Accident Investigation Branch (RAIB) issued an update on October 3 stating that its recommendations to Network Rail and the wider rail industry to improve the use of ERTMS had been acted on appropriately.
The branch said a team of inspectors are at the site of Monday’s crash, and it has launched an investigation.
The last incident in which a passenger died following a collision on Britain’s railways was the derailment of a ScotRail train which hit a landslip in heavy rain in Stonehaven, Aberdeenshire, in August 2020.
A passenger, driver and conductor died, and six other people were injured.
Network Rail and TfW said: “We are working closely with other agencies, including emergency services, to understand how this incident happened and they will have our full support.”
Transport Secretary Louise Haigh said: “Safety on our railways is my absolute priority and we are working at pace with Transport for Wales and Network Rail to understand what happened and how we can better prevent it going forward.”
The Cambrian line east of Machynlleth will remain closed while specialist teams investigate the collision.
